Dr. S.KANDASAMY - M.V.Sc (Surgery)

  Omphalocele       An omphalocele is a congenital protrusion of part of the abdominal viscera through a defect in the abdominal wall at the umblicus, which is covered by amnion or sometimes it may rupture.     Synonym - Abdominal fissure, Umbilical eventrations, congenital umblical hernia and Exomphalos.     Condition should be differentiated from ventral hernia.     During early stages of fetal development the intestines rest partly within the extra embryonic celom of umblical cord.      Later body wall encloses the area and the intestine are internalized.      Failure of the intestines to return or failure of one of the four body folds to migrate result in omphalocele.      Omphalocele are morphologically intermediate in severity between Umbilical hernia and Schistosoma reflexus. 

  Hyphema        Hyphema is the presence of blood in the anterior chamber.        Tiny hemorrhages may be visible only with the slit lamp, in the form of erythrocytes floating and circulating in the aqueous humor.         Slightly larger amounts of blood settle as variously shaped masses on the surface of the iris, lens, or vitreous.         Still larger hemorrhages gravitate to the inferior aspect of the anterior chamber, producing a grossly visible, "layered" Hyphema.          The most severe hemorrhages can fill the anterior chamber; these tend to clot, probably because of impaired circulation of aqueous, and nearly always produce glaucoma.         Total, clotted Hyphema are dark brown, purple, or black and are referred to as "black-ball" or "eight-ball" hemorrhages